Reducing electron beam damage through alternative STEM scanning strategies. Part II -- Attempt towards an empirical model describing the damage process

TL;DR

This paper develops an empirical 2D diffusion model to predict and reduce electron beam damage in STEM imaging by optimizing scan patterns, potentially applicable across different sample types.

Contribution

It introduces a novel empirical model incorporating diffusion and threshold effects to describe beam damage, aiding in scan pattern optimization for damage mitigation.

Findings

Model qualitatively matches experimental data

Diffusion-based approach suggests damage can be managed

Potential for applying model to various samples

Abstract

In this second part of a series we attempt to construct an empirical model that can mimick all experimental observations made regarding the role of an alternative interleaved scan pattern in STEM imaging on the beam damage in a specific zeolite sample. We make use of a 2D diffusion model that describes the dissipation of the deposited beam energy in the sequence of probe positions that are visited during the scan pattern. The diffusion process allows for the concept of trying to outrun the beam damage by carefully tuning the dwell time and distance between consecutively visited probe positions. We add a non linear function to include a threshold effect and evaluate the accumulated damage in each part of the image as a function of scan pattern details. Together, these ingredients are able to describe qualitatively all aspects of the experimental data and provide us with a model that could guide a further optimisation towards even lower beam damage without lowering the applied electron dose. We deliberately remain vague on what is diffusing here which avoids introducing too many sample specific details. This provides hope that the model can be applied also in sample classes that were not yet studied in such great detail by adjusting higher level parameters: a sample dependent diffusion constant and damage threshold.