Normal-ordering approximations and translational (non) invariance

TL;DR

This paper investigates how normal-ordering approximations in nuclear many-body calculations affect translational invariance, quantifying the errors introduced for helium-4 and oxygen-16 using shell-model calculations.

Contribution

It systematically quantifies the impact of normal-ordering two-body approximations on translational invariance in nuclear structure calculations.

Findings

Large center-of-mass effects in helium-4 due to approximation

Smaller translational invariance breaking in oxygen-16

Diagnostic tools for monitoring invariance breaking

Abstract

Normal-ordering provides an approach to approximate three-body forces as effective two-body operators and it is therefore an important tool in many-body calculations with realistic nuclear interactions. The corresponding neglect of certain three-body terms in the normal-ordered Hamiltonian is known to influence translational invariance, although the magnitude of this effect has not yet been systematically quantified. In this work we study in particular the normal-ordering two-body approximation applied to a single harmonic-oscillator reference state. We explicate the breaking of translational invariance and demonstrate the magnitude of the approximation error as a function of model space parameters for $^4\rm{He}$ and $^{16}\rm{O}$ by performing full no-core shell-model calculations with and without three-nucleon forces. We combine two different diagnostics to better monitor the breaking of translational invariance. While the center-of-mass effect is shown to become potentially very large for $^4\rm{He}$, it is also shown to be much smaller for $^{16}\rm{O}$ although full convergence is not reached. These tools can be easily implemented in studies using other many-body frameworks and bases.