Accelerating Large-Scale-Structure data analyses by emulating Boltzmann solvers and Lagrangian Perturbation Theory

TL;DR

This paper presents a neural network emulator that rapidly computes the linear matter power spectrum with high accuracy across a broad parameter space, significantly speeding up large-scale structure data analysis.

Contribution

The authors develop a fast, accurate neural network emulator for the linear matter power spectrum and related fields, trained on extensive simulations, to enhance cosmological data analysis efficiency.

Findings

Emulator computes the linear spectrum in about one millisecond.

Achieves 0.2% to 0.5% accuracy over relevant redshifts and scales.

Enables unbiased cosmological constraints in Euclid-like surveys.

Abstract

The linear matter power spectrum is an essential ingredient in all theoretical models for interpreting large-scale-structure observables. Although Boltzmann codes such as CLASS or CAMB are very efficient at computing the linear spectrum, the analysis of data usually requires $10^4$-$10^6$ evaluations, which means this task can be the most computationally expensive aspect of data analysis. Here, we address this problem by building a neural network emulator that provides the linear theory (total and cold) matter power spectrum in about one millisecond with 0.2% (0.5%) accuracy over redshifts $z \le 3$ ($z \le 9$), and scales $10^{-4} \le k \, [h {\rm Mpc^{-1}}] < 50$. We train this emulator with more than 200,000 measurements, spanning a broad cosmological parameter space that includes massive neutrinos and dynamical dark energy. We show that the parameter range and accuracy of our emulator is enough to get unbiased cosmological constraints in the analysis of a Euclid-like weak lensing survey. Complementing this emulator, we train 15 other emulators for the cross-spectra of various linear fields in Eulerian space, as predicted by 2nd-order Lagrangian Perturbation theory, which can be used to accelerate perturbative bias descriptions of galaxy clustering. Our emulators are specially designed to be used in combination with emulators for the nonlinear matter power spectrum and for baryonic effects, all of which are publicly available at http://www.dipc.org/bacco.