Combined numerical and experimental estimation of the fracture toughness and failure analysis of single lap shear test for dissimilar welds

TL;DR

This study combines numerical finite element analysis and experimental methods to evaluate the fracture toughness of dissimilar welds in aluminum and steel, revealing the dominant role of plastic dissipation over intermetallic layer toughness.

Contribution

It introduces a combined numerical and experimental approach to assess weld toughness and highlights the influence of microstructure and process differences on fracture behavior.

Findings

Weld fracture toughness J_C is approximately 1 kJ/m^2 for both FMB and FSW.

Plastic dissipation in the plates dominates over intermetallic layer toughness.

Similar toughness values despite microstructural differences suggest process-related effects.

Abstract

The single lap shear test is widely used to measure the strength of dissimilar welds even though such a test brings limited understanding of the intrinsic weld toughness. The present study proposes a numerical finite element (FE) analysis and experimental characterization of dissimilar joints presenting various microstructures (thickness of the intermetallic layer (IML) and hardness profile). For this purpose, Friction Melt Bonding (FMB) and Friction Stir Welding (FSW) were used to join aluminum AA6061 and Dual Phase steel (DP980). The FE simulations allowed calculating the evolution of the J-integral near this notch tip. It shows that crack initiation depends significantly on the plastic properties of the welded metallic alloys around the notch tip and the width of the welded zone, which both are significantly different for FSW and FMB processes. Nevertheless, a similar weld fracture toughness J_C of approximately 1 kJ.m-2 is estimated from the analysis for both FMB and FSW. This is three orders of magnitude higher than the fracture toughness of the intermetallic layer, revealing that the plastic dissipation in the Al and steel plates around the crack tip has a major effect on the weld toughness.