Dynamical exploring the QCD matter at finite temperatures and densities-a short review

TL;DR

This review summarizes recent theoretical progress in modeling relativistic nuclear collisions at finite baryon density, aiming to understand the QCD phase diagram and the properties of hot QCD matter through dynamical frameworks.

Contribution

It highlights advancements in (3+1)D dynamical descriptions of nuclear collisions and discusses challenges in aligning theory with experimental data.

Findings

Progress in (3+1)D dynamical modeling of nuclear collisions.

Insights into QCD phase transition regions.

Identification of challenges in theory-experiment comparison.

Abstract

We provide a concise review on recent theory advancements towards full-fledged (3+1)D dynamical descriptions of relativistic nuclear collisions at finite baryon density. Heavy-ion collisions at different collision energies produce strongly-coupled matter and probe the QCD phase transition at the crossover, critical point, and first-order phase transition regions. Dynamical frameworks provide a quantitative tool to extract properties of hot QCD matter and map fireballs to the QCD phase diagram. Outstanding challenges are highlighted when confronting current theoretical frameworks with current and forthcoming experimental measurements from the RHIC beam energy scan programs.