How the formation of Neptune shapes the Kuiper belt
Simona Pirani, Anders Johansen, Alexander J. Mustill

TL;DR
This study investigates how the early inward migration of Neptune and other giant planets influenced the structure and population of the Kuiper Belt, revealing migration signatures and resonance population dynamics.
Contribution
It provides new insights into how different migration scenarios of Neptune and Uranus shape the Kuiper Belt's resonant and non-resonant populations, including the effects of outward migration.
Findings
Resonant populations can form without planetary migration.
Outward migration of Neptune creates distinctive resonant signatures.
Inclination distribution remains narrower than observed.
Abstract
Inward migration of giant planets is predicted by hydrodynamical simulations during the gas phase of the protoplanetary disc. The phenomenon is also invoked to explain resonant and near-resonant exoplanetary system structures. The early inward migration may also have affected our Solar System and sculpted its different minor planet reservoirs. In this study we explore how the early inward migration of the giant planets shapes the Kuiper Belt. We test different scenarios with only Neptune and Uranus and with all the four giant planets, including also some models with the subsequent outward planetesimal-driven migration of Neptune after the gas dispersal. We find objects populating mean motion resonances even when Neptune and Uranus do not migrate at all or only migrate inwards. When the planets are fixed, planetesimals stick only temporarily to the mean motion resonances, while inwards…
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