Calculated event rates for Axion Detection via Atomic and Nuclear Processes

TL;DR

This paper calculates the expected event rates for detecting solar axions through atomic and nuclear processes, proposing experimental methods and analyzing their feasibility with large-scale detectors.

Contribution

It provides detailed calculations of axion-induced nuclear and atomic transition rates based on existing axion models and nuclear shell model wave functions, assessing detection prospects.

Findings

Calculated nuclear transition rates for axion detection.

Estimated axion-induced X-ray and electron emission signals.

Discussed experimental feasibility with large-scale NaI detectors.

Abstract

The possibility of detection of 5.5 MeV and 14.4 keV solar axions by observing axion-induced nuclear and atomic transitions is investigated. The presence of nuclear transitions between spin-orbit partners can be manifested by the subsequent de-excitation via gamma ray emissions. The transition rates can also be studied in the context of radiative axion absorption by a nucleus. The elementary interaction is obtained in the context of the axion-quark couplings predicted by existing axion models. Then these couplings will be transformed to the nucleon level utilizing reasonable existing models, which lead to effective transition operators. Using these operators we calculate the needed nuclear matrix elements employing wave functions obtained in the context of the nuclear shell model. With these ingredients, we discuss possibilities of experimental observation of the axion-induced nuclear gamma-rays. In the second part, we will examine the axion-induced production of X-rays (axion-photon conversion) or ionization from deeply bound electron orbits. In this case, the axion electron coupling is predicted by existing axion models, no renormalization is needed. The experimental signal is the observation of directly produced electrons and/or the emission of hard X-rays and Auger electrons, following the de-excitation of the final atom. Critical discussion is made on the experimental feasibility of detecting the solar axions by using multi-ton scale NaI detectors.