The Metric Relaxation for $0$-Extension Admits an $\Omega(\log^{2/3}{k})$ Gap

TL;DR

This paper establishes a new lower bound on the integrality gap for the metric relaxation of the $0$-Extension problem, showing it is at least on the order of 3^{2/3} log^{2/3}k, which improves previous bounds.

Contribution

The authors present the first 3^{2/3} log^{2/3}k integrality gap for the metric relaxation of the $0$-Extension problem, using a novel graph extension construction inspired by algebraic topology.

Findings

New integrality gap of 3^{2/3} log^{2/3}k for the metric relaxation.

Graph extension construction based on randomized combination of graphs.

Analysis employs topological methods to prove the non-existence of continuous sections.

Abstract

We consider the $0$-Extension problem, where we are given an undirected graph $\mathcal{G}=(V,E)$ equipped with non-negative edge weights $w:E\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^+$, a collection $ T=\{ t_1,\ldots,t_k\}\subseteq V$ of $k$ special vertices called terminals, and a semi-metric $D$ over $T$. The goal is to assign every non-terminal vertex to a terminal while minimizing the sum over all edges of the weight of the edge multiplied by the distance in $D$ between the terminals to which the endpoints of the edge are assigned. $0$-Extension admits two known algorithms, achieving approximations of $O(\log{k})$ [C{\u{a}}linescu-Karloff-Rabani SICOMP '05] and $O(\log{k}/\log{\log{k}})$ [Fakcharoenphol-Harrelson-Rao-Talwar SODA '03]. Both known algorithms are based on rounding a natural linear programming relaxation called the metric relaxation, in which $D$ is extended from $T$ to the entire of $V$. The current best known integrality gap for the metric relaxation is $\Omega (\sqrt{\log{k}})$. In this work we present an improved integrality gap of $\Omega(\log^{\frac{2}{3}}k)$ for the metric relaxation. Our construction is based on the randomized extension of one graph by another, a notion that captures lifts of graphs as a special case and might be of independent interest. Inspired by algebraic topology, our analysis of the gap instance is based on proving no continuous section (in the topological sense) exists in the randomized extension.