Dynamical Clustering Interrupts Motility Induced Phase Separation in Chiral Active Brownian Particles

TL;DR

This paper shows that in chiral active Brownian particles, large enough torque causes dynamical clustering that interrupts traditional motility induced phase separation, revealing new non-equilibrium behaviors.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel understanding of how active torque in chiral particles disrupts conventional phase separation, combining simulations and mean-field theory.

Findings

Large torque induces dynamical clustering in cABPs.

Circulating currents break detailed balance, preventing equilibrium-like phase separation.

Dynamic clusters are explained by the interplay of MIPS and circulating currents.

Abstract

One of the most intriguing phenomena in active matter has been the gas-liquid like motility induced phase separation (MIPS) observed in repulsive active particles. However, experimentally no particle can be a perfect sphere, and the asymmetric shape, mass distribution or catalysis coating can induce an active torque on the particle, which makes it a chiral active particle. Here using computer simulations and dynamic mean-field theory, we demonstrate that the large enough torque of circle active Brownian particles (cABPs) in two dimensions generates a dynamical clustering state interrupting the conventional MIPS. Multiple clusters arise from the combination of the conventional MIPS cohesion, and the circulating current caused disintegration. The non-vanishing current in non-equilibrium steady states microscopically originates from the motility ``relieved'' by automatic rotation, which breaks the detailed balance at the continuum level. This suggests that no equilibrium-like phase separation theory can be constructed for chiral active colloids even with tiny active torque, in which no visible collective motion exists. This mechanism also sheds light on the understanding of dynamic clusters observed in a variety of active matter systems.