Recurrence of galactic cosmic rays intensity and anisotropy in solar minima 23/24 and 24/25 by ACE/CRIS, STEREO, SOHO/EPHIN and neutron monitors. Fourier and wavelet analysis. Dedicated to the Memory of Michael Alania

TL;DR

This study analyzes 27-day variations in galactic cosmic rays during solar minima 23/24 and 24/25, revealing polarity-dependent amplitude differences linked to solar magnetic cycle and energy levels, using Fourier and wavelet methods.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of GCR variations across different solar minima and energies, highlighting the influence of solar magnetic polarity and heliospheric conditions on cosmic ray modulation.

Findings

GCR amplitude variations depend on solar magnetic polarity during minima.

Low-energy GCRs are more affected by diffusion effects, showing similar amplitudes in both polarities.

High-energy GCRs exhibit a 22-year Hale cycle with larger amplitudes in positive polarity.

Abstract

Aims. We study the 27-day variations of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) based on neutron monitor (NM), ACE/CRIS, STEREO and SOHO/EPHIN measurements, in solar minima 23/24 and 24/25 characterized by the opposite polarities of solar magnetic cycle. Now there is an opportunity to reanalyze the polarity dependence of the amplitudes of the recurrent GCR variations in 2007-2009 for negative A < 0 solar magnetic polarity and to compare it with the clear periodic variations related to solar rotation in 2017-2019 for positive A > 0. Methods. We use the Fourier analysis method to study the periodicity in the GCR fluxes. Since the GCR recurrence is a consequence of solar rotation, we analyze not only GCR fluxes, but also solar and heliospheric parameters examining the relationships between the 27-day GCR variations and heliospheric, as well as, solar wind parameters. Results. We find that the polarity dependence of the amplitudes of the 27-day variations of the GCR intensity and anisotropy for NMs data is kept for the last two solar minima: 23/24 (2007-2009) and 24/25 (2017-2019) with greater amplitudes in positive A > 0 solar magnetic polarity. ACE/CRIS, SOHO/EPHIN and STEREO measurements are not governed by this principle of greater amplitudes in positive A > 0 polarity. GCR recurrence caused by the solar rotation for low energy (< 1GeV) cosmic rays is more sensitive to the enhanced diffusion effects, resulting in the same level of the 27-day amplitudes for positive and negative polarities. While high energy (> 1GeV) cosmic rays registered by NMs, are more sensitive to the large-scale drift effect leading to the 22-year Hale cycle in the 27-day GCR variation, with the larger amplitudes in the A > 0 polarity than in the A < 0.