Screening methods for linear errors-in-variables models in high dimensions

TL;DR

This paper introduces two efficient screening methods for high-dimensional linear errors-in-variables models, significantly reducing computational complexity and improving variable selection accuracy in noisy, gene expression data.

Contribution

The paper proposes corrected penalized marginal screening and corrected sure independence screening, which are computationally efficient and achieve screening consistency in high-dimensional settings.

Findings

Methods are computationally scalable for large feature sets.

Screening procedures improve variable selection accuracy.

Simulation and real data demonstrate enhanced performance.

Abstract

Microarray studies, in order to identify genes associated with an outcome of interest, usually produce noisy measurements for a large number of gene expression features from a small number of subjects. One common approach to analyzing such high-dimensional data is to use linear errors-in-variables models; however, current methods for fitting such models are computationally expensive. In this paper, we present two efficient screening procedures, namely corrected penalized marginal screening and corrected sure independence screening, to reduce the number of variables for final model building. Both screening procedures are based on fitting corrected marginal regression models relating the outcome to each contaminated covariate separately, which can be computed efficiently even with a large number of features. Under mild conditions, we show that these procedures achieve screening consistency and reduce the number of features considerably, even when the number of covariates grows exponentially with the sample size. Additionally, if the true covariates are weakly correlated, corrected penalized marginal screening can achieve full variable selection consistency. Through simulation studies and an analysis of gene expression data for bone mineral density of Norwegian women, we demonstrate that the two new screening procedures make estimation of linear errors-in-variables models computationally scalable in high dimensional settings, and improve finite sample estimation and selection performance compared with estimators that do not employ a screening stage.