Generation of highly mutually coherent hard x-ray pulse pairs with an amplitude-splitting delay line

TL;DR

This paper reports the first experimental creation of highly mutually coherent x-ray pulse pairs using an amplitude-splitting delay line, enabling advanced interferometry and spectroscopy applications with high stability.

Contribution

It introduces a novel amplitude-split delay line design for x-ray pulses, achieving high mutual coherence and stability, advancing x-ray optics technology.

Findings

Generated highly mutually coherent x-ray pulse pairs.

Achieved high-contrast speckle patterns in experiments.

Demonstrated stability during continuous delay scans.

Abstract

Beam splitters and delay lines are among the key building blocks of modern-day optical laser technologies. Progress in x-ray free electron laser source development and applications over the past decade is calling for their counter part operating in the Angstrom wavelength regime. Recent efforts in x-ray optics development have demonstrated relatively stable delay lines that most often adopted the division of wavefront approach for the beam splitting and recombination configuration. However, the two recombined beams have yet to achieve sufficient mutual coherence to enable applications such as interferometry, correlation spectroscopy, and nonlinear spectroscopy. We present the first experimental realization of the generation of highly mutually coherent pulse pairs using an amplitude-split delay line design based on transmission grating beam splitters and channel-cut crystal optic delay lines. The performance of the prototype system was analyzed in the context of x-ray coherent scattering and correlation spectroscopy, where we obtained nearly identical high-contrast speckle patterns from both branches. We show in addition the high level of dynamical stability during continuous delay scans, a capability essential for high sensitivity ultra-fast measurements.