Efficient Screening of Diseased Eyes based on Fundus Autofluorescence Images using Support Vector Machine

TL;DR

This paper presents a machine learning-based screening method using fundus autofluorescence images and SVM classifiers to efficiently differentiate healthy and diseased eyes, aiding early detection of geographic atrophy.

Contribution

It introduces a novel screening approach that utilizes sectoral statistics from FAF images and demonstrates the effectiveness of SVM classifiers, especially RBF kernel, for eye disease detection.

Findings

SVM with RBF kernel achieves 90.55% accuracy.

Sectoral statistics effectively differentiate healthy and diseased eyes.

The method reduces reliance on ophthalmologists for initial screening.

Abstract

A variety of vision ailments are associated with geographic atrophy (GA) in the foveal region of the eye. In current clinical practice, the ophthalmologist manually detects potential presence of such GA based on fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images, and hence diagnoses the disease, when relevant. However, in view of the general scarcity of ophthalmologists relative to the large number of subjects seeking eyecare, especially in remote regions, it becomes imperative to develop methods to direct expert time and effort to medically significant cases. Further, subjects from either disadvantaged background or remote localities, who face considerable economic/physical barrier in consulting trained ophthalmologists, tend to seek medical attention only after being reasonably certain that an adverse condition exists. To serve the interest of both the ophthalmologist and the potential patient, we plan a screening step, where healthy and diseased eyes are algorithmically differentiated with limited input from only optometrists who are relatively more abundant in number. Specifically, an early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) grid is placed by an optometrist on each FAF image, based on which sectoral statistics are automatically collected. Using such statistics as features, healthy and diseased eyes are proposed to be classified by training an algorithm using available medical records. In this connection, we demonstrate the efficacy of support vector machines (SVM). Specifically, we consider SVM with linear as well as radial basis function (RBF) kernel, and observe satisfactory performance of both variants. Among those, we recommend the latter in view of its slight superiority in terms of classification accuracy (90.55% at a standard training-to-test ratio of 80:20), and practical class-conditional costs.