Differential, Difference and Asymptotic Relations for Pollaczek-Jacobi Type Orthogonal Polynomials and Their Hankel Determinants

TL;DR

This paper investigates orthogonal polynomials with a singularly perturbed Pollaczek-Jacobi weight, deriving difference and differential equations, asymptotic expansions, and connections to Painlevé V transcendents for their recurrence coefficients and Hankel determinants.

Contribution

It establishes new difference and differential equations for orthogonal polynomials with Pollaczek-Jacobi weights and links their asymptotics to Painlevé V equations, advancing understanding of their behavior.

Findings

Recurrence coefficients satisfy second-order difference equations.

Logarithmic derivatives relate to Painlevé V transcendents.

Large n asymptotics of Hankel determinants derived from these relations.

Abstract

In this paper, we study the orthogonal polynomials with respect to a singularly perturbed Pollaczek-Jacobi type weight $$ w(x,t):=(1-x^2)^\alpha\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{t}{1-x^{2}}},\qquad x\in[-1,1],\;\;\alpha>0,\;\;t>0. $$ By using the ladder operator approach, we establish the second-order difference equations satisfied by the recurrence coefficient $\beta_n(t)$ and the sub-leading coefficient $\mathrm{p}(n,t)$ of the monic orthogonal polynomials, respectively. We show that the logarithmic derivative of $\beta_n(t)$ can be expressed in terms of a particular Painlev\'{e} V transcendent. The large $n$ asymptotic expansions of $\beta_n(t)$ and $\mathrm{p}(n,t)$ are obtained by using Dyson's Coulomb fluid method together with the related difference equations. Furthermore, we study the associated Hankel determinant $D_n(t)$ and show that a quantity $\sigma_n(t)$, allied to the logarithmic derivative of $D_n(t)$, can be expressed in terms of the $\sigma$-function of a particular Painlev\'{e} V. The second-order differential and difference equations for $\sigma_n(t)$ are also obtained. In the end, we derive the large $n$ asymptotics of $\sigma_n(t)$ and $D_n(t)$ from their relations with $\beta_n(t)$ and $\mathrm{p}(n,t)$.