Attainable and usable coherence in X states over Markovian and non-Markovian channels

TL;DR

This paper investigates how quantum coherence in two-qubit X states behaves under Markovian and non-Markovian noise, focusing on their usefulness in quantum teleportation and key distribution, and reveals conditions for coherence revival and freezing.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of coherence dynamics in X states under various noisy channels, highlighting the robustness of MNMSs and the effects of non-Markovian back-flow.

Findings

MNMSs remain useful for teleportation under dephasing noise.

Coherence measured by relative entropy decays faster than $l_1$ norm.

Non-Markovian channels exhibit coherence revival due to information back-flow.

Abstract

The relations between the resource theoretic measures of quantum coherence are rigorously investigated for various Markovian and non-Markovian channels for the two-qubit $X$ states with specific attention to the maximum and minimum attainable coherence and usefulness of these states in performing quantum teleportation in noisy environment. The investigation has revealed that under both dephasing and dissipative type noises the maximally entangled mixed states and Werner states lose their form and usefulness. However, maximally non-local mixed states (MNMSs) lose their identity in dissipative noise only. Thus, MNMSs are established to be useful in teleporting a qubit with fidelity greater than the classical limit in the presence of dephasing noise. MNMSs also remain useful for device independent quantum key distribution in this case as they still violate Bell's inequality. In the presence of noise, coherence measured by relative entropy of coherence is found to fall faster than the same measured using $l_1$ norm of coherence. Further, information back-flow from the environment to the system is observed over non-Markovian channels which leads to revival in coherence. Additionally, sequential interaction of two qubits with the same environment is found to result in correlated noise on both qubits, and coherence is observed to be frozen in this case under dephasing channel. Under the effect of Markovian and non-Markovian dephasing channels studied here, we observed that MNMSs have maximum relative coherence, i.e., they have the maximum amount of $l_1$ norm of coherence among the states with the same amount of relative entropy of coherence. However, this feature is not visible in any $X$ state evolving over dissipative channels.