Anomalous dilepton production from the Dirac sea in p+p collisions

TL;DR

This paper proposes a non-perturbative mechanism for anomalous dilepton production in proton-proton collisions, explaining recent experimental excesses through vacuum back-reaction effects within the CGC EFT framework.

Contribution

It introduces a novel non-perturbative approach to dilepton production from the Dirac sea, linking vacuum effects to experimental observations in high-energy p+p collisions.

Findings

The computed dilepton spectrum aligns with experimental data within uncertainties.

The mechanism offers new insights into non-perturbative phenomena in ultra-soft electromagnetic radiation.

Provides a theoretical framework connecting vacuum back-reaction to dilepton excesses.

Abstract

In a recent work from the ALICE collaboration an excess of relatively soft dilepton pairs was reported in p+p collisions at $13$ TeV. In the report no satisfactory explanation was found via standard bremsstrahlung computations. In this letter, \textit{anomalous} dilepton pairs are produced non-perturbatively from the back-reaction of the vacuum to a $q\bar{q}$ pair, travelling back-to-back. The dilepton spectrum is computed by folding this rate with the cross-section for the process p+p$\rightarrow q\bar{q}$, which was computed using the framework of the Color Glass Condensate Effective Field Theory (CGC EFT) in the $k_\perp$-factorized limit. The resulting spectra is compatible within uncertainties with the data, and moreover, provides exciting insight into the non-perturbative phenomena that ultra-soft electromagnetic radiation can probe.