Energy efficiency of voltage waveform tailoring for the generation of excited species in RF plasma jets operated in He/N$_2$ mixtures

TL;DR

This study compares the energy efficiency of metastable helium atom generation in RF plasma jets using single frequency and voltage waveform tailoring, demonstrating that VWT significantly improves efficiency and control over excited species production.

Contribution

It introduces the use of Voltage Waveform Tailoring (VWT) for enhanced control and higher energy efficiency in generating excited species in RF plasma jets.

Findings

VWT yields higher helium metastable densities than single frequency methods.

Experimental results align well with PIC/MCC simulations.

VWT improves control over electron energy distribution and excited species generation.

Abstract

Based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) measurements of the spatially averaged and peak helium metastable atom densities in a capacitively coupled micro atmospheric pressure plasma jet operated in He/N$_2$ mixtures, the energy efficiency of metastable species (He-I 2$^3$S$_1$) generation is compared for three different scenarios: single frequency operation at (i) 13.56 MHz and (ii) 54.12 MHz, and Voltage Waveform Tailoring (VWT) at (iii) "valleys"-waveforms synthesized from four consecutive harmonics of 13.56 MHz. For each case, the dissipated power is measured based on a careful calibration procedure of voltage and current measurements. The results are compared to PIC/MCC simulation results and very good agreement is found. The computational results show that the choice of the surface coefficients in the simulation is important to reproduce the experimental data correctly. Due to the enhanced control of the spatio-temporal electron power absorption dynamics and, thus, of the electron energy distribution function by VWT, this approach does not only provide better control of the generation of excited and reactive species compared to single frequency excitation, but in case of helium metastables the energy efficiency is also shown to be significantly higher in case of VWT.