Does our universe conform with the existence of a universal maximum energy-density $\rho^{uni}_{max}$ ?

TL;DR

This paper explores the hypothesis that the universe has a maximum energy density around 2-3 times nuclear density, supported by astronomical observations and phase transition phenomena in neutron stars, with implications for cosmology and high-redshift quasars.

Contribution

It proposes the existence of a universal maximum energy density and links it to observable astrophysical phenomena and phase transitions in quantum fluids within neutron stars.

Findings

Support for the maximum density hypothesis from astronomical observations.

Phase transition in neutron star cores at maximum density.

Implications for universe topology and quasar growth mechanisms.

Abstract

Recent astronomical observations of high redshift quasars, dark matter-dominated galaxies, mergers of neutron stars, glitch phenomena in pulsars, cosmic microwave background and experimental data from hadronic colliders do not rule out, but they even support the hypothesis that the energy-density in our universe most likely is upper-limited by $\rho^{uni}_{max},$ which is predicted to lie between $2$ to $3$ the nuclear density $\rho_0.$ Quantum fluids in the cores of massive NSs with $\rho \approx \rho^{uni}_{max}$ reach the maximum compressibility state, where they become insensitive to further compression by the embedding spacetime and undergo a phase transition into the purely incompressible gluon-quark superfluid state. A direct correspondence between the positive energy stored in the embedding spacetime and the degree of compressibility and superfluidity of the trapped matter is proposed. In this paper relevant observation signatures that support the maximum density hypothesis are reviewed, a possible origin of $\rho^{uni}_{max}$ is proposed and finally the consequences of this scenario on the spacetime's topology of the universe as well as on the mechanisms underlying the growth rate and power of the high redshift QSOs are discussed.