A `Third' Quantization Constructed for Gauge Theory of Gravity

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel 'third' quantization framework for gauge theory of gravity, proposing a new scalar field and gauge model that can explain galaxy rotation curves and cosmic phenomena without dark matter.

Contribution

It develops a new 'third' quantization model based on curved space background geometry, leading to a gauge theory of gravity that accounts for astrophysical observations without dark matter.

Findings

Provides an analytical solution matching galaxy rotation curves

Explains gravitational lensing without dark matter

Addresses cosmic microwave background and universe expansion

Abstract

In general, a global and unique vacuum state cannot be constructed for a curved space. As a remedy, we introduce a curved space background geometry with a Minkowski metric tensor and locally non-zero curvature and torsion. Based on this geometry, we propose a `third'/vacuum quantization model as a consequence of Unruh effect. Accordingly, we introduce a `third' quantization scalar field as a general coordinate transformation of spacetime for the second quantization fields. Then we show that in the classical limit, the `third' quantization fields appear as Riemannian manifolds with an emergent metric on which the second quantization fields are located. This way, the standard model of field theory turns out as an effective theory. Moreover, using the proposed `third' quantization fields, we build a $U(1)\times SU(4)$ Yang-Mills gauge theory for gravity. According to this gravitational model, we indicate that an analytical solution of the presented gravitational model, for the `third' quantum field particle trajectory (such as a star), corresponds to the trajectory of a test particle in the Mannheim-Kazanas space. Furthermore, by using non-perturbative methods and lattice gauge theory results, we render a solution for the potential of the constructed model that can explain the galaxy rotation curves and gravitational lensing without any need to dark matter. We also address the cosmic microwave background phenomenon and the expansion of the universe.