Three-Body Decays of Heavy Dirac and Majorana Fermions

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the decay kinematics of hypothetical heavy neutral leptons to distinguish between Dirac and Majorana fermions, revealing unique angular asymmetries and decay distributions that inform their fundamental nature.

Contribution

It provides detailed calculations of decay distributions for heavy neutral leptons, highlighting differences between Dirac and Majorana cases under general interactions.

Findings

Majorana decays show zero forward/backward asymmetry in certain conditions.

Decay distributions contain information about the fermion nature and interaction types.

Polarization effects influence decay asymmetries and can help identify the fermion type.

Abstract

Nonzero neutrino masses imply the existence of degrees of freedom and interactions beyond those in the Standard Model. A powerful indicator of what these might be is the nature of the massive neutrinos: Dirac fermions versus Majorana fermions. While addressing the nature of neutrinos is often associated with searches for lepton-number violation, there are several other features that distinguish Majorana from Dirac fermions. Here, we compute in great detail the kinematics of the daughters of the decays into charged-leptons and neutrinos of hypothetical heavy neutral leptons at rest. We allow for the decay to be mediated by the most general four-fermion interaction Lagrangian. We demonstrate, for example, that when the daughter charged-leptons have the same flavor or the detector is insensitive to their charges, polarized Majorana-fermion decays have zero forward/backward asymmetry in the direction of the outgoing neutrino (relative to the parent spin), whereas Dirac-fermion decays can have large asymmetries. Going beyond studying forward/backward asymmetries, we also explore the fully-differential width of the three-body decays. It contains a wealth of information not only about the nature of the new fermions but also the nature of the interactions behind their decays.