Flavor Specific $U(1)_{B_q-L_\mu}$ Gauge Model for Muon $g-2$ and $b \to s \bar \mu \mu$ Anomalies

TL;DR

This paper investigates a flavor-specific $U(1)_{B_q-L__}$ gauge model as a potential explanation for the muon $g-2$ and $b o s ar{}$ anomalies, finding it cannot simultaneously resolve both within existing experimental constraints.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the $U(1)_{B_q-L__}$ gauge model's ability to explain the anomalies, highlighting the limitations and constraints preventing a joint solution.

Findings

The model can separately explain either the muon $g-2$ or $B$ anomalies.

No parameter space exists to explain both anomalies simultaneously under current constraints.

Kinetic mixing effects do not help reconcile the two anomalies.

Abstract

The muon $(g-2)_\mu$ and $b\to s \bar \mu \mu$ induced $B$ anomalies as hints of new physics beyond the standard model (SM) have attracted much attention. These two anomalies indicate that there may exist new interaction specifically related to muon. A lot of theoretical ideas have been proposed to explain these anomalies. Gauged flavor specific $U(1)_{B_q-L_\mu}$ is among the promising ones. The new gauge boson $Z'$ from $U(1)_{B_q-L_\mu}$ interacts with muon and provides necessary ingredient to solve the $(g-2)_\mu$ anomaly. The $Z'$-quark coupling can generate flavor changing interactions after diagonalization of quark mass matrix between weak eigen-state and mass eigen-state basis. We revisit challenges for such models attempting to explain the $(g-2)_\mu$ and $B$ anomalies separately or simultaneously. We find although for $U(1)_{B_q-L_\mu}$ models there is still parameter space to provide solutions for separately explaining the $(g-2)_\mu$ and $B$ anomalies, there exists no parameter space for such models to solve both the anomalies simultaneously, after taking into account existing constraints from $\tau \to \mu \gamma$, $\tau \to 3 \mu$, neutrino trident and $B_s - \bar B_s$ data. Among them leptonic processes restrict $Z^\prime$ mass to be less than a few hundred MeV if required to solve the $(g-2)_\mu$ anomaly, which causes conflict between data from $B_s - \bar B_s$, $D^0 - \bar D^0$ mixing and also hadron decays with $Z^\prime$ in the final states. The effects of $U(1)_Y$ and $U(1)_{B_q-L_\mu}$ kinetic mixing on these anomalies are also studied. We find that neither can these effects do much to bring the two anomalies together to be solved simultaneously.