Modular symmetry and zeros in magnetic compactifications

TL;DR

This paper investigates the behavior of zero-mode wave functions on magnetized toroidal compactifications, focusing on their zeros, boundary conditions, and modular symmetry, to understand their mathematical structure and invariance properties.

Contribution

It analyzes the boundary conditions of zero modes under modular transformations in magnetic compactifications, clarifying their invariance and role of zeros in the wave functions.

Findings

Boundary conditions are invariant under modular transformations.

Zeros of wave functions are crucial in understanding magnetic compactifications.

Modular symmetry constrains the structure of zero-mode wave functions.

Abstract

We discuss the modular symmetry and zeros of zero-mode wave functions on two-dimensional torus $T^2$ and toroidal orbifolds $T^2/\mathbb{Z}_N$ ($N=2,3,4,6$) with a background homogeneous magnetic field. As is well-known, magnetic flux contributes to the index in the Atiyah-Singer index theorem. The zeros in magnetic compactifications therefore play an important role, as investigated in a series of recent papers. Focusing on the zeros and their positions, we study what type of boundary conditions must be satisfied by the zero modes after the modular transformation. The consideration in this paper justifies that the boundary conditions are common before and after the modular transformation.