The primary cosmic-ray energy spectrum measured with the Tunka-133 array

N. M. Budnev (2); A. Chiavassa (4); O. A. Gress (2); T. I. Gress (2),; A. N. Dyachok (2); N. I. Karpov (1); N. N. Kalmykov (1); E. E. Korosteleva; (1); V. A. Kozhin (1); L.A. Kuzmichev (1); B. K. Lubsandorzhiev (3); N. B.; Lubsandorzhiev (1); R. R. Mirgazov (2); E. A. Osipova (1); M. I. Panasyuk; (1); L. V. Pankov (2); E. G. Popova (1); V. V. Prosin (1); V. S. Ptuskin (6),; Yu. A. Semeney (2); A. A. Silaev (1); A. A. Silaev (junior) (1); A. V.; Skurikhin (1); C. Spiering (5); L. G. Sveshnikova ((1); A. V. Zagorodnikov; (2); (1) Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics MSU; Moscow; Russian; Federation; (2) Irkutsk State University; Irkutsk; Russian Federation; (3); Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian; Federation; (4) Dipartimento di Fisica Universita; INFN; Torino; Italy,; (5) DESY; Zeuthen; Germany; (6) IZMIRAN; Troitsk; Moscow Region; Russia)

arXiv:2104.03599·astro-ph.HE·April 9, 2021

The primary cosmic-ray energy spectrum measured with the Tunka-133 array

N. M. Budnev (2), A. Chiavassa (4), O. A. Gress (2), T. I. Gress (2),, A. N. Dyachok (2), N. I. Karpov (1), N. N. Kalmykov (1), E. E. Korosteleva, (1), V. A. Kozhin (1), L.A. Kuzmichev (1), B. K. Lubsandorzhiev (3), N. B., Lubsandorzhiev (1), R. R. Mirgazov (2)

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TL;DR

This paper presents the measurement of the primary cosmic-ray energy spectrum using the Tunka-133 array, covering energies from 6×10^15 to 10^18 eV, with detailed calibration and reconstruction methods over seven seasons.

Contribution

It introduces calibration and reconstruction techniques for the Tunka-133 array and provides the all-particle energy spectrum based on extensive data collection.

Findings

01

All-particle energy spectrum determined from 7 seasons.

02

Calibration methods for time and amplitude accuracy.

03

Detailed analysis of energy range from 6×10^15 to 10^18 eV.

Abstract

The EAS Cherenkov light array Tunka-133, with $\sim$ 3 km $^{2}$ geometric area, is taking data since 2009.The array permits a detailed study of energy spectrum and mass composition of cosmic rays in the energy range from $6 \cdot 1 0^{15}$ to $1 0^{18}$ eV. We describe the methods of time and amplitude calibration of the array and the methods of EAS parameters reconstruction. We present the all-particle energy spectrum, based on 7 seasons of operation.

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