Improved Nondestructive Isotopic Analysis with Practical Microcalorimeter Gamma Spectrometers

TL;DR

This paper discusses the development of high-resolution microcalorimeter gamma spectrometers, specifically the SOFIA instrument and SAPPY software, which enhance nondestructive isotopic analysis for nuclear safeguards and security.

Contribution

Introduction of the SOFIA instrument and SAPPY software, enabling improved, nondestructive isotopic analysis with high resolution and practical measurement times.

Findings

SOFIA achieves energy resolution ten times better than HPGe detectors.

SAPPY software provides flexible, rigorous uncertainty analysis for isotope ratios.

Microcalorimeter spectrometers can reduce reliance on destructive analysis methods.

Abstract

Advances in both instrumentation and data analysis software are now enabling the first ultra-high-resolution microcalorimeter gamma spectrometers designed for implementation in nuclear facilities and analytical laboratories. With approximately ten times better energy resolution than high-purity germanium detectors, these instruments can overcome important uncertainty limits. Microcalorimeter gamma spectroscopy is intended to provide nondestructive isotopic analysis capabilities with sufficient precision and accuracy to reduce the need for sampling, chemical separations, and mass spectrometry to meet safeguards and security goals. Key milestones were the development of the SOFIA instrument (Spectrometer Optimized for Facility Integrated Applications) and the SAPPY software (Spectral Analysis Program in PYthon). SOFIA is a compact instrument that combines advances in large multiplexed transition-edge sensor arrays with optimized cryogenic performance to overcome many practical limitations of previous systems. With a 256-pixel multiplexed detector array capable of 5000 counts per second, measurement time can be comparable to high-purity germanium detectors. SAPPY was developed to determine isotopic ratios in data from SOFIA and other microcalorimeter instruments with an approach similar to the widely-used FRAM software. SAPPY provides a flexible framework with rigorous uncertainty analysis for both microcalorimeter and HPGe data, allowing direct comparison. We present current results from the SOFIA instrument, preliminary isotopic analysis using SAPPY, and describe how the technology is being used to explore uncertainty limits of nondestructive isotopic characterization, inform safeguards models, and extract improved nuclear data including gamma-ray branching ratios.