Iceberg stability during towing in a wave field

TL;DR

This study investigates iceberg stability during towing in wave conditions through experiments, analyzing motion and tension data to understand oscillations and flipping risks, which are crucial for safe navigation and offshore operations.

Contribution

The paper provides experimental insights into iceberg dynamics during towing in wave fields, highlighting the effects of towing strategies and wave interactions on stability and oscillations.

Findings

Large roll oscillations (~30 s period) observed after load release.

Icebergs can flip over during towing under certain conditions.

Towing against waves increases load oscillations.

Abstract

Due to their large mass and small aspect ratio, icebergs pose a threat to boats and offshore structures. Small icebergs and bergy bits can cause harm to platform hulls and are more difficult to discover remotely. As icebergs are dynamic mediums, the study of icebergs in relation to safe human operations requires the rigorous analysis of the ice-ocean interaction, in particular with waves and currents. In this paper, we present iceberg towing experiments and analyze iceberg stability from GPS tracks and inertial motion unit data. The towline tension as well as the boat motion relative to the iceberg was measured. Different scenarios were investigated by changing the towing strategy with regards to towing speed, direction (straight or curved trajectory) and acceleration. Large amplitude roll oscillations with period of approximately 30 s were observed immediately after the load dropped and the iceberg returned to a stable static position. In two of the cases, the iceberg flipped over partly or entirely after some towing time. From the load cell, we observed oscillations in the system with periods of approximately 6 s, which were attributed to the rope elastic properties and the iceberg response. The load oscillations increased when the towing direction was against the waves as opposed to perpendicular to the waves.