The Fiber of Persistent Homology for simplicial complexes

TL;DR

This paper investigates the inverse problem of persistent homology for simplicial complexes, analyzing the structure of the fibers of the barcode map and their monodromy, with explicit examples including a triangle.

Contribution

It introduces a stratified space perspective for the barcode map, characterizes fibers as polyhedral complexes, and extends the inverse image to a monodromy functor, providing a detailed example.

Findings

The barcode map is a stratified space map with fibers as polyhedral complexes.

Bound on fiber dimension depending on barcode endpoints.

Complete description of fibers and monodromy for a simplicial triangle.

Abstract

We study the inverse problem for persistent homology: For a fixed simplicial complex $K$, we analyse the fiber of the continuous map $\mathrm{PH}$ on the space of filters that assigns to a filter $f: K \to \mathbb R$ the total barcode of its associated sublevel set filtration of $K$. We find that $\mathrm{PH}$ is best understood as a map of stratified spaces. Over each stratum of the barcode space, the map $\mathrm{PH}$ restricts to a (trivial) fiber bundle with fiber a polyhedral complex. Amongst other we derive a bound for the dimension of the fiber depending on the number of distinct endpoints in the barcode. Furthermore, taking the inverse image $\mathrm{PH}^{-1}$ can be extended to a monodromy functor on the (entrance path) category of barcodes. We demonstrate our theory on the example of the simplicial triangle giving a complete description of all fibers and monodromy maps. This example is rich enough to have a M\"obius band as one of its fibers.