Chiral Polarization Textures Induced by the Flexoelectric Effect in Ferroelectric Nanocylinders

TL;DR

This paper presents a theoretical study of chiral polarization textures called 'flexons' in ferroelectric nanocylinders, showing how flexoelectric effects induce and control these structures with potential applications in nanoscale devices.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of flexons, a new type of chiral polarization texture in ferroelectric nanoparticles, and demonstrates how their chirality can be switched via the flexoelectric coefficient.

Findings

Flexons are chiral polarization structures with axial domains near cylinder ends.

Reversing the flexoelectric coefficient sign switches flexon chirality.

Flexons exhibit vortex-like azimuthal polarization with a meron core.

Abstract

Polar chiral structures have recently attracted much interest within the scientific community, as they pave the way towards innovative device concepts similar to the developments achieved in nanomagnetism. Despite the growing interest, many fundamental questions related to the mechanisms controlling the appearance and stability of ferroelectric topological structures remain open. In this context, ferroelectric nanoparticles provide a flexible playground for such investigations. Here, we present a theoretical study of ferroelectric polar textures in a cylindrical core-shell nanoparticle. The calculations reveal a chiral polarization structure containing two oppositely oriented diffuse axial domains located near the cylinder ends, separated by a region with a zero-axial polarization. We name this polarization configuration "flexon" to underline the flexoelectric nature of its axial polarization. Analytical calculations and numerical simulation results show that the flexon's chirality can be switched by reversing the sign of the flexoelectric coefficient. Furthermore, the anisotropy of the flexoelectric coupling is found to critically influence the polarization texture and domain morphology. The flexon rounded shape, combined with its distinct chiral properties and the localization nature near the surface, are reminiscent of Chiral Bobber structures in magnetism. In the azimuthal plane, the flexon displays the polarization state of a vortex with an axially polarized core region, i.e., a meron. The flexoelectric effect, which couples the electric polarization and elastic strain gradients, plays a determining role in the stabilization of these chiral states. We discuss similarities between this interaction and the recently predicted ferroelectric Dyzaloshinskii-Moriya interaction leading to chiral polarization states.