Interface properties in three-component Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates the interface properties of a three-component Bose-Einstein condensate, revealing how the third component acts as a surfactant, reduces interfacial tension, and induces flow phenomena similar to Marangoni flow.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of interfacial tension and stability in three-component BECs, highlighting the surfactant role of the third component and flow dynamics.

Findings

Component 3 reduces interfacial tension.

Interfacial stability analyzed via Bogoliubov analysis.

Spatial gradients in tension induce Marangoni-like flow.

Abstract

Interface properties of a three-component Bose-Einstein condensate, in which component 3 is sandwiched by components 1 and 2 at the interface, are investigated. It is shown that component 3 can serve as a surfactant: the net interfacial tension is reduced by the presence of component 3. We calculate the interfacial tension as a function of the interaction coefficients. The stability of the interface is studied by Bogoliubov analysis. When the interfacial tension has a spatial gradient, interfacial flow is induced, which resembles the Marangoni flow.