A new and gauge-invariant Littlest Higgs model with T-parity

TL;DR

This paper examines the gauge invariance issues in the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity, proposing modifications to fermion representations and symmetries to resolve pathologies and ensure consistent mass generation.

Contribution

It introduces a gauge-invariant formulation of the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity by enlarging the symmetry group and adding new fermionic degrees of freedom.

Findings

Identifies gauge invariance problems with the original Yukawa Lagrangian.

Proposes completing the right-handed fermion multiplet with T-odd mirror partners.

Derives the Coleman-Weinberg potential for the model's Goldstone fields.

Abstract

We inspect the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity, based on a global symmetry SU(5) spontaneously broken to SO(5), in order to elucidate the pathologies it presents due to the non trivial interplay between the gauge invariance associated to the heavy modes and the discrete T-parity symmetry. In particular, the usual Yukawa Lagrangian responsible for providing masses to the heavy `mirror' fermions is not gauge invariant. This is because it contains an SO(5) quintuplet of right-handed fermions that transforms non-linearly under SU(5), hence involving in general all SO(5) generators when a gauge transformation is performed and not only those associated to its gauge subgroup. Part of the solution to this problem consists of completing the right-handed fermion quintuplet with T-odd `mirror partners' and a gauge singlet, what has been previously suggested for other purposes. Furthermore, we find that the singlet must be T-even, the global symmetry group must be enlarged, an additional non-linear sigma field should be introduced to parametrize the spontaneous symmetry breaking and new extra fermionic degrees of freedom are required to give a mass to all fermions in an economic way while preserving gauge invariance. Finally, we derive the Coleman-Weinberg potential for the Goldstone fields using the background field method.