Cluster Catalysis with Lattice Oxygen: Tracing Oxygen Transport from a Magnetite(001) Support onto Small Pt Clusters

TL;DR

This study investigates how lattice oxygen from magnetite supports transfers to small platinum clusters during CO oxidation, revealing that the reaction occurs on the clusters rather than at the interface, with size-dependent oxygen affinity effects.

Contribution

It demonstrates the direct transfer of lattice oxygen to platinum clusters and identifies the reaction site as the clusters themselves, using combined experimental and theoretical methods.

Findings

CO oxidation occurs on Pt clusters, not at the interface.

Lattice oxygen transfer is confirmed via TPD and STM.

Cluster restructuring is explained by DFT as lattice oxygen reverse spillover.

Abstract

Oxidation catalysis on reducible oxide-supported small metal clusters often involves lattice oxygen. In the present work, we trace the path of lattice oxygen from Fe3O4(001) onto small Pt clusters during the CO oxidation, aiming at differentiating whether the reaction takes place at the cluster/support interface or on the cluster. While oxygen vacancies form on many other supports, magnetite maintains its surface stoichiometry upon reduction thanks to a high cation mobility. In order to investigate whether size-dependent oxygen affinities play a role, we study two specific cluster sizes, Pt5 and Pt19. By separating different reaction steps in our experiment, lattice oxygen can be accumulated on the clusters. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and sophisticated pulsed valve experiments indicate that the CO oxidation takes place on the Pt clusters rather than at the interface. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) shows a decrease in apparent height of the clusters, which density functional theory (DFT) explains as a restructuring following lattice oxygen reverse spillover.