Hydrodynamic model of skyrmions and vorticities in the spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate in ferromagnetic phase at finite temperatures

TL;DR

This paper develops a quantum hydrodynamic model describing skyrmions and vorticities in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates at finite temperatures, highlighting the quantum spin current's role and the interaction between quantum and classical vorticities.

Contribution

It introduces a novel quantum hydrodynamic framework for skyrmions in spinor BECs at finite temperatures, emphasizing the quantum spin current's influence.

Findings

Quantum spin current significantly influences skyrmion formation.

Interplay between quantum and classical vorticities is crucial at finite temperatures.

Skyrmions are solutions to the spin evolution equation in ferromagnetic spin-1 BECs.

Abstract

Quantum hydrodynamic of skyrmions in spinor ultracold bosons at the finite temperature is described. The limit regime of BEC appearing at the zero temperature is discussed either. The skyrmions are found as the solution of the spin evolution equation for the ferromagnetic phase of spin-1 ultracold bosons. It is demonstrated that the quantum part of the spin current gives major contribution in the formation of the skyrmions. The interplay between the quantum (spin) vorticity and the classic vorticity is considered for the finite temperatures. Bosons are presented as two fluids associated with the Bose-Einstein condensate and the normal fluid. All effects are considered for the ferromagnetic phase.