The role of $U(1)_A$ symmetry breaking in the QCD corrections to the pion mass difference

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the breaking of $U(1)_A$ symmetry influences the QCD contributions to the pion mass difference using a non-local NJL model, constraining parameters and linking to chiral perturbation theory.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of the $U(1)_A$ symmetry-breaking parameter's role in pion mass differences within a non-local NJL framework, connecting it to quark mass differences and low-energy constants.

Findings

The $U(1)_A$ breaking parameter $c$ significantly affects the pion mass difference.

The model constrains the current quark mass difference $\Delta m$ based on parameter scans.

The dependence of the pion mass difference on $c$ suggests an approach toward an axial anomaly restored phase.

Abstract

The charged and neutral pion mass difference can be attributed to both the QED and QCD contributions. The current quark mass difference ($\Delta m$) is the source of the QCD contribution. Here, in a two-flavour non-local NJL model, we try to estimate the QCD contribution. Interestingly, we find that the strength of the $U(1)_A$ symmetry-breaking parameter $c$ plays a crucial role in obtaining the pion mass difference while intertwined with the current quark mass difference. To obtain the QCD contribution for the pion mass difference, we scan the parameter space in $\{\Delta m,\; c\}$, and by comparing this with the existing results, we constrained the parameter space. Further, using a fitted value of $c$, we determine the allowed range for the $\Delta m$ in the model. The model estimated $\Delta m$ ranges enable us to extract the chiral perturbation theory low-energy constant, $l_7$ and verify the dependence of the pion mass difference on $\Delta m$. We also find out its dependence on $c$ \textemdash\, it increases with the decreasing value of $c$, i.e., toward an axial anomaly restored phase.