Palindromic Length and Reduction of Powers

TL;DR

This paper explores how to modify infinite words to reduce the powers of certain factors while keeping the palindromic length bounded, providing a method to control repetitive structures without increasing complexity.

Contribution

It introduces a construction that reduces powers of specific factors in infinite words while maintaining a bounded palindromic length, advancing understanding of word structure manipulation.

Findings

Constructs an infinite word with reduced powers of factors

Ensures the palindromic length remains bounded after modification

Provides a method to control repetitions in infinite words

Abstract

Given a nonempty finite word $v$, let $PL(v)$ be the palindromic length of $v$; it means the minimal number of palindromes whose concatenation is equal to $v$. Let $v^R$ denote the reversal of $v$. Given a finite or infinite word $y$, let $Fac(y)$ denote the set of all finite factors of $y$ and let $maxPL(y)=\max\{PL(t)\mid t\in Fac(y)\}$. Let $x$ be an infinite non-ultimately periodic word with $maxPL(x)=k<\infty$ and let $u\in Fac(x)$ be a primitive nonempty factor such that $u^5$ is recurrent in $x$. Let $\Psi(x,u)=\{t\in Fac(x)\mid u,u^R\not\in Fac(t)\}\mbox{.}$ We construct an infinite non-ultimately periodic word $\overline x$ such that $u^5, (u^R)^5\not\in Fac(\overline x)$, $\Psi(x,u)\subseteq Fac(\overline x)$, and $maxPL(\overline x)\leq 3k^3$. Less formally said, we show how to reduce the powers of $u$ and $u^R$ in $x$ in such a way that the palindromic length remains bounded.