Quantum Register of Fermion Pairs
Thomas Hartke, Botond Oreg, Ningyuan Jia, Martin Zwierlein

TL;DR
This paper demonstrates a large-scale, coherent quantum register of fermionic atom pairs in an optical lattice, enabling robust quantum control and entanglement, paving the way for fermion-based quantum simulation and computation.
Contribution
It introduces a novel fermionic quantum register architecture with long coherence times and controllable entanglement, addressing challenges in fermionic quantum computation.
Findings
Quantum coherence exceeds ten seconds.
Achieved $10^4$ Ramsey oscillations within coherence time.
Controlled conversion of atom pairs into molecules for entanglement.
Abstract
Fermions are the building blocks of matter, forming atoms and nuclei, complex materials and neutron stars. Our understanding of many-fermion systems is however limited, as classical computers are often insufficient to handle the intricate interplay of the Pauli principle with strong interactions. Quantum simulators based on ultracold fermionic atoms instead directly realize paradigmatic Fermi systems, albeit in "analog" fashion, without coherent control of individual fermions. Digital qubit-based quantum computation of fermion models, on the other hand, faces significant challenges in implementing fermionic anti-symmetrization, calling for an architecture that natively employs fermions as the fundamental unit. Here we demonstrate a robust quantum register composed of hundreds of fermionic atom pairs trapped in an optical lattice. With each fermion pair forming a spin-singlet, the qubit…
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