The Conformal Anomaly Action to Fourth Order (4T) in $d=4$ in Momentum Space

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the structure of the conformal anomaly effective action up to fourth order in flat spacetime, focusing on stress-energy tensor correlators and the effects of renormalization on the anomaly structure.

Contribution

It provides a detailed momentum space analysis of the 4T correlator and identifies new traceless components of the anomaly action after renormalization.

Findings

Identification of the hierarchical structure of anomaly contributions.

Discovery of new traceless components at 4T level after renormalization.

Analysis of scalar curvature interactions via $R\square^{-1}$ terms.

Abstract

We elaborate on the structure of the conformal anomaly effective action up to 4-th order, in an expansion in the gravitational fluctuations $(h)$ of the background metric, in the flat spacetime limit. For this purpose we discuss the renormalization of 4-point functions containing insertions of stress-energy tensors (4T), in conformal field theories in four spacetime dimensions with the goal of identifying the structure of the anomaly action. We focus on a separation of the correlator into its transverse/traceless and longitudinal components, applied to the trace and conservation Ward identities (WI) in momentum space. These are sufficient to identify, from their hierarchical structure, the anomaly contribution, without the need to proceed with a complete determination of all of its independent form factors. Renormalization induces sequential bilinear graviton-scalar mixings on single, double and multiple trace terms, corresponding to $R\square^{-1}$ interactions of the scalar curvature, with intermediate virtual massless exchanges. These dilaton-like terms couple to the conformal anomaly, as for the chiral anomalous WIs. We show that at 4T level a new traceless component appears after renormalization. We comment on future extensions of this result to more general backgrounds, with possible applications to non local cosmologies.