Coexisting superconductivity and ferromagnetism in the (V$_{0.60}$Ti$_{0.40}$)-Gd alloys

TL;DR

This study investigates how Gd precipitates affect the microstructure, magnetic, electrical, and thermal properties of (V$_{0.60}$Ti$_{0.40}$)-Gd alloys, revealing coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism.

Contribution

It demonstrates the impact of Gd precipitates on microstructure and how they enhance superconducting transition temperature while inducing ferromagnetism.

Findings

Gd precipitates are <1.2 μm and increase grain boundary density.

Alloys become ferromagnetic below 295 K and show increased $T_{sc}$.

Electronic thermal conductivity decreases slightly, phononic conductivity decreases significantly.

Abstract

We present here, the effect of microstructure on the magnetic, electrical and thermal properties of (V$_{0.60}$Ti$_{0.40}$)-Gd alloys. The gadolinium is found to be immiscible and precipitates with a size $<$1.2~$\mu$m in the (V$_{0.60}$Ti$_{0.40}$)-Gd alloys. These precipitates enhance the grain boundary density. The (V$_{0.60}$Ti$_{0.40}$)-Gd alloys become ferromagnetic below $T_{mc}$ = 295~K with an increase in the superconducting transition temperature ($T_{sc}$). Though the disorder increases with increasing Gd content, the electronic thermal conductivity ($\kappa_{e} (H = 0)$) reduces by at most 15\% which is in contrast with the 80\% decrease of the phononic thermal conductivity ($\kappa_{l} (H = 0)$). Our analysis suggests that the magnetic moments of Gd precipitates polarize the conduction electrons along and around the grain boundaries leading to increase in the mean free path of the electrons. The partial suppression of spin fluctuations in the (V$_{0.60}$Ti$_{0.40}$)-Gd alloy by the conduction electron polarization enhances the $T_{sc}$.