Power Modeling for Effective Datacenter Planning and Compute Management

TL;DR

This paper presents scalable, accurate statistical power models for datacenter hardware, enabling better planning and management by predicting power consumption with high precision across diverse configurations.

Contribution

It introduces the largest-scale, simple, interpretable power modeling approach validated across Google datacenters, covering a wide range of hardware and workloads.

Findings

Predicts power with less than 5% MAPE for over 95% of hardware units.

Uses only 4 features to achieve high accuracy.

Outperforms previous models in simplicity and scope.

Abstract

Datacenter power demand has been continuously growing and is the key driver of its cost. An accurate mapping of compute resources (CPU, RAM, etc.) and hardware types (servers, accelerators, etc.) to power consumption has emerged as a critical requirement for major Web and cloud service providers. With the global growth in datacenter capacity and associated power consumption, such models are essential for important decisions around datacenter design and operation. In this paper, we discuss two classes of statistical power models designed and validated to be accurate, simple, interpretable and applicable to all hardware configurations and workloads across hyperscale datacenters of Google fleet. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest scale power modeling study of this kind, in both the scope of diverse datacenter planning and real-time management use cases, as well as the variety of hardware configurations and workload types used for modeling and validation. We demonstrate that the proposed statistical modeling techniques, while simple and scalable, predict power with less than 5% Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) for more than 95% diverse Power Distribution Units (more than 2000) using only 4 features. This performance matches the reported accuracy of the previous started-of-the-art methods, while using significantly less features and covering a wider range of use cases.