User-centered Feedback Design in Person-following Robots for Older Adults

TL;DR

This study develops user-centered feedback design guidelines for person-following robots tailored to older adults, based on extensive user studies exploring preferences for transparency, content, mode, and timing of feedback.

Contribution

It introduces a systematic user-centered approach to designing feedback mechanisms in assistive robots for older adults, emphasizing their preferences and needs.

Findings

Older adults prefer basic status information from robots.

Voice feedback with an overtone and continuous timing is preferred.

The study advances feedback design guidelines for improved robot interaction.

Abstract

Feedback design is an important aspect of person-following robots for older adults. This paper presents a user-centred design approach to ensure the design is focused on the needs and preferences of the users. A sequence of user studies with a total of 35 older adults (aged 62 years and older) was conducted to explore their preferences regarding feedback parameters for a socially assistive person-following robot. The preferred level of robot transparency and the desired content for the feedback was first explored. This was followed by an assessment of the preferred mode and timing of feedback. The chosen feedback parameters were then implemented and evaluated in a final experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the design. Results revealed that older adults preferred to receive only basic status information. They preferred voice feedback overtone, and at a continuous rate to keep them constantly aware of the state and actions of the robot. The outcome of the study is a further step towards feedback design guidelines that could improve interaction quality for person-following robots for older adults.