Chiral non-Abelian vortices and their confinement in three flavor dense QCD

TL;DR

This paper introduces chiral non-Abelian vortices in dense QCD, revealing their unique flux properties, internal moduli, interactions, and stability, with implications for confinement and topological effects in the color-flavor locked phase.

Contribution

It presents the discovery and analysis of chiral non-Abelian vortices, detailing their fluxes, moduli, interactions, and stability, advancing understanding of topological defects in dense QCD.

Findings

Chiral non-Abelian vortices carry half color magnetic fluxes.

Vortices have ${ m C}P^2$ orientational moduli in internal space.

Vortices are connected by chiral domain walls and exhibit unique topological features.

Abstract

We find chiral non-Abelian vortices having windings only in one of the diquark condensations of left-handed and right-handed quarks in the color-flavor locked phase of dense QCD. They are the minimum vortices carrying half color magnetic fluxes of those of non-Abelian semi-superfluid vortices (color magnetic flux tubes) and 1/6 quantized superfluid circulations of Abelian superfluid vortices. These vortices carry ${\mathbb C}P^2$ orientational moduli in the internal space corresponding to their fluxes. The ${\mathbb C}P^2$ moduli of two chiral non-Abelian vortices with chiralities opposite to each other are energetically favored to be aligned while those of a vortex and anti-vortex to be orthogonal, and then these vortices attract each other. They are attached by chiral domain walls in the presence of the mass and axial anomaly terms explicitly breaking axial and chiral symmetries. We numerically show that two chiral non-Abelian vortices with chiralities opposite to each other are connected by a chiral domain wall, consisting a mesonic bound state which is nothing but a non-Abelian semi-superfluid vortex. We also show that Abelian and non-Abelian axial vortices attached by chiral domain walls are all unstable to decay into a set of chiral non-Abelian vortices. Furthermore, we find that chiral non-Abelian vortices exhibit unique features: one is the so-called topological obstruction implying that unbroken symmetry generators in the bulk are not defined globally around the vortices, and the other is color non-singlet Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phases implying that quarks encircling these vortices can detect the colors of magnetic fluxes of them at infinite distances.