Reactivation of the high-magnetic field pulsar PSR J1846--0258 with magnetar-like bursts

TL;DR

This paper reports the 2020 reactivation of high-magnetic field pulsar PSR J1846-0258, observing magnetar-like bursts, spectral changes, and flux increase, providing insights into its magnetar behavior and PWN stability over 20 years.

Contribution

It presents the first detailed multi-wavelength analysis of PSR J1846-0258's 2020 outburst, highlighting spectral softening and thermal component emergence, and compares it to its 2006 activity.

Findings

X-ray flux increased by over two times post-outburst

Spectral softening with photon index from 1.2 to 1.7

No significant change in PWN properties or radio emission

Abstract

We report on the 2020 reactivation of the energetic high-magnetic field pulsar PSR J1846-0258 and its pulsar wind nebula (PWN) after 14 years of quiescence with new Chandra and Green Bank Telescope observations. The emission of short-duration bursts from J1846-0258 was accompanied by an enhancement of X-ray persistent flux and significant spectral softening, similar to those observed during its first bursting episode in 2006. The 2020 pulsar spectrum is described by a powerlaw model with a photon index Gamma=1.7\pm0.3 in comparison to a Gamma=1.2\pm0.1 before outburst and shows evidence of an emerging thermal component with blackbody temperature kT=0.7\pm0.1 keV. The 0.5--10 keV unabsorbed flux increased from 5.4e-12 erg/cm^2/s in quiescence to 1.3e-11 erg/cm^2/s following the outburst. We did not detect any radio emission from the pulsar at 2 GHz and place an upper limit of 7.1 uJy and 55 mJy for the coherent pulsed emission and single-pulses, respectively. The 2020 PWN spectrum, characterized by a photon index of 1.92\pm0.04 and X-ray luminosity of 1.2e-35 erg/s at a distance of 5.8~kpc, is consistent with those observed before the outburst. An analysis of regions closer to the pulsar shows small-scale time variabilities and brightness changes over the 20-yr period from 2000 to 2020, while the photon indices did not change. We conclude that the outburst in PSR J1846-0258 is a combination of crustal and magnetospheric effects, with no significant burst-induced variability in its PWN based on the current observations.