Quantum Support Vector Machines for Continuum Suppression in B Meson Decays

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the implementation of a quantum support vector machine (QSVM) for particle physics data classification, showing promising results that outperform classical methods in simulation and on real quantum hardware, with potential for future high-energy physics applications.

Contribution

It introduces a QSVM approach for continuum suppression in B meson decays and evaluates the impact of quantum encoding circuits on classification performance.

Findings

QSVM achieved an average AUC of 0.848 in simulations.

Classical SVM with RBF kernel achieved an AUC of 0.793.

On real quantum hardware, QSVM achieved an AUC of 0.703.

Abstract

Quantum computers have the potential to speed up certain computational tasks. A possibility this opens up within the field of machine learning is the use of quantum techniques that may be inefficient to simulate classically but could provide superior performance in some tasks. Machine learning algorithms are ubiquitous in particle physics and as advances are made in quantum machine learning technology there may be a similar adoption of these quantum techniques. In this work a quantum support vector machine (QSVM) is implemented for signal-background classification. We investigate the effect of different quantum encoding circuits, the process that transforms classical data into a quantum state, on the final classification performance. We show an encoding approach that achieves an average Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) of 0.848 determined using quantum circuit simulations. For this same dataset the best classical method tested, a classical Support Vector Machine (SVM) using the Radial Basis Function (RBF) Kernel achieved an AUC of 0.793. Using a reduced version of the dataset we then ran the algorithm on the IBM Quantum ibmq_casablanca device achieving an average AUC of 0.703. As further improvements to the error rates and availability of quantum computers materialise, they could form a new approach for data analysis in high energy physics.