Computing the Paschen curve for argon with speed-limited particle-in-cell simulation

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that speed-limited particle-in-cell (SLPIC) simulations can efficiently and accurately compute the Paschen curve for argon, significantly reducing computational time compared to traditional PIC methods.

Contribution

The study introduces and validates the use of SLPIC for modeling electrical breakdown in argon, achieving up to 200 times faster simulations while maintaining accuracy.

Findings

SLPIC accurately computed the Paschen curve for argon.

SLPIC was up to 200 times faster than traditional PIC.

The method effectively modeled electron cascades with collisions.

Abstract

Upon inclusion of collisions, the speed-limited particle-in-cell (SLPIC) simulation method successfully computed the Paschen curve for argon. The simulations modelled an electron cascade across an argon-filled capacitor, including electron-neutral ionization, electron-neutral elastic collisions, electron-neutral excitation, and ion-induced secondary-electron emission. In electrical breakdown, the timescale difference between ion and electron motion makes traditional particle-in-cell (PIC) methods computationally slow. To decrease this timescale difference and speed up computation, we used SLPIC, a time-domain algorithm that limits the speed of the fastest electrons in the simulation. The SLPIC algorithm facilitates a straightforward, fully-kinetic treatment of dynamics, secondary emission, and collisions. SLPIC was as accurate as PIC, but ran up to 200 times faster. SLPIC accurately computed the Paschen curve for argon over three orders of magnitude in pressure.