Correspondence between Dicke-model semiclasscial dynamics in the superradiant dipolar phase and the Euler heavy top

TL;DR

This paper derives an analytic expression for the transmission spectrum of a microwave cavity coupled to a superradiant condensate, revealing how condensate dynamics influence measurable transmission features and proposing experimental detection methods.

Contribution

It provides an analytic solution linking superradiant condensate dynamics in the Dicke model to observable transmission properties and maps the system to a classical Euler top for mechanical analogy.

Findings

Transmission drops correspond to condensate's frequency spectrum

System is approximately integrable in the adiabatic limit

Mapping to Euler top offers mechanical insights

Abstract

Analytic expression is found for the frequency dependence of transmission coefficient of a transmission line inductively coupled to the microwave cavity with superradiant condensate. Sharp transmission drops reflect condensate's frequencies spectrum. These results pave way to direct detection of emergence of the superradiant condensates in quantum metamaterials. Results are based on the analytic solutions of the nonlinear semiclassical dynamics of superradiant photonic condensate in the Dicke model of an ensemble of two-level atoms dipolar coupled to the electromagnetic field in the microwave cavity. In adiabatic limit with respect to photon degree of freedom the system is approximately integrable, with evolution being expressed via Jacobi elliptic functions of real time. Depending on the coupling strength, the semiclassical coordinate of superradiant condensate in the ground state either oscillates in one of the two degenerate minima of condensate's potential energy or traverses between them over the saddle point. An experimental setup for measuring of the breakdown of the normal phase of the Dicke model via coupling to the transmission line is proposed. A one-to-one mapping of semiclassical motion of superradiant condensate on the nodding of unstable Lagrange "sleeping top" also turns Dicke model into analogue device for modelling dynamics of mechanical systems.