From black hole to white hole via the intermediate static state

TL;DR

This paper investigates the quantum tunneling process from black holes to white holes via an intermediate static state, revealing that white holes have negative entropy and extending the analysis to charged black holes and de Sitter space.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method using coordinate singularities to calculate tunneling probabilities between black, white, and static hole states, and extends the framework to charged and cosmological spacetimes.

Findings

White holes have negative entropy.

The static intermediate state has zero entropy.

The method applies to Reissner-Nordström black holes and de Sitter space.

Abstract

We discuss the macroscopic quantum tunneling from the black hole to the white hole of the same mass. Previous calculations in Ref.[1] demonstrated that the probability of the tunneling is $p \propto \exp(-2S_\text{BH})$, where $S_\text{BH}$ is the entropy of the Schwarzschild black hole. This in particular suggests that the entropy of the white hole is with minus sign the entropy of the black hole, $S_\text{WH}(M)=- S_\text{BH}(M)= - A/(4G)$. Here we use a different way of calculations. We consider three different types of the hole objects: black hole, white hole and the fully static intermediate state. The probability of tunneling transitions between these three states is found using singularities in the coordinate transformations between these objects. The black and white holes are described by the Painleve-Gullstrand coordinates with opposite shift vectors, while the intermediate state is described by the static Schwarzschild coordinates. The singularities in the coordinate transformations lead to the imaginary part in the action, which determines the tunneling exponent. For the white hole the negative entropy is obtained, while the intermediate state -- the fully static hole -- has zero entropy. This procedure is extended to the Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole and to its white and static partners, and also to the entropy and temperature of the de Sitter Universe.