Exploring the Nature of EUV Waves in a Radiative Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation

TL;DR

This study presents the first 3D radiative MHD simulation of coronal EUV waves, revealing their fast-mode shock nature, propagation characteristics, and associated quasi-periodic wave trains in a realistic solar active region model.

Contribution

It introduces a novel 3D RMHD simulation of EUV waves driven by magnetic flux rope eruptions, providing detailed insights into their physical properties and observational signatures.

Findings

EUV wave speeds range from 550 to 700 km/s.

EUV waves exhibit fast-mode shock characteristics.

Quasi-periodic wave trains with ~30s period are observed.

Abstract

Coronal extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) waves are large-scale disturbances propagating in the corona, whose physical nature and origin have been discussed for decades. We report the first three dimensional (3D) radiative magneto-hydrodynamic (RMHD) simulation of a coronal EUV wave and the accompanying quasi-periodic wave trains. The numerical experiment is conducted with the MURaM code and simulates the formation of solar active regions through magnetic flux emergence from the convection zone to the corona. The coronal EUV wave is driven by the eruption of a magnetic flux rope that also gives rise to a C-class flare. It propagates in a semi-circular shape with an initial speed ranging from about 550 to 700 km s$^{-1}$, which corresponds to an average Mach number (relative to fast magnetoacoustic waves) of about 1.2. Furthermore, the abrupt increase of the plasma density, pressure and tangential magnetic field at the wavefront confirms fast-mode shock nature of the coronal EUV wave. Quasi-periodic wave trains with a period of about 30 s are found as multiple secondary wavefronts propagating behind the leading wavefront and ahead of the erupting magnetic flux rope. We also note that the true wavefront in the 3D space can be very inhomogeneous, however, the line-of-sight integration of EUV emission significantly smoothes the sharp structures in 3D and leads to a more diffuse wavefront.