A model for the size distribution of marine microplastics: a statistical mechanics approach

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel statistical mechanics model, inspired by black-body radiation, to explain the size distribution of marine microplastics without assuming removal processes, fitting observed data across size ranges.

Contribution

The paper presents a new size distribution model for microplastics based on energy fragmentation and Boltzmann statistics, without requiring material removal assumptions.

Findings

Model accurately reproduces observed size distributions

Smallest fragments are rare due to high energy requirements

Distribution aligns with micro- to mesoplastic data

Abstract

The size distribution of marine microplastics provides a fundamental data source for understanding the dispersal, break down, and biotic impacts of the microplastics in the ocean. The observed size distribution at the sea surface generally shows, from large to small sizes, a gradual increase followed by a rapid decrease. This decrease has led to the hypothesis that the smallest fragments are selectively removed by sinking or biological uptake. Here we propose a new model of size distribution without any removal of material from the system. The model uses an analogy with black-body radiation and the resultant size distribution is analogous to Planck's law. In this model, the original large plastic piece is broken into smaller pieces once by the application of "energy" or work by waves or other processes, under two assumptions, one that fragmentation into smaller pieces requires larger energy and the other that the probability distribution of the "energy" follows the Boltzmann distribution. Our formula well reproduces observed size distributions over wide size ranges from micro- to mesoplastics. According to this model, the smallest fragments are fewer because large "energy" required to produce such small fragments occurs more rarely.