Eisenstein series via factorization homology of Hecke categories

TL;DR

This paper connects spectral Eisenstein series categories for reductive groups to factorization homology of Hecke categories, extending previous computations and providing a new geometric framework for the Betti Langlands program.

Contribution

It introduces a new geometric interpretation of spectral Eisenstein series via factorization homology of $ ext{E}_2$-Hecke categories, generalizing prior results.

Findings

Spectral Eisenstein series category equals factorization homology of Hecke category.

Defined new $ ext{E}_n$-categories using pairs of stacks and boundary conditions.

Computed factorization homology for manifolds, extending known results.

Abstract

Motivated by spectral gluing patterns in the Betti Langlands program, we show that for any reductive group $G$, a parabolic subgroup $P$, and a topological surface $M$, the (enhanced) spectral Eisenstein series category of $M$ is the factorization homology over $M$ of the $\mathrm{E}_2$-Hecke category $\mathrm{H}_{G, P} = \mathrm{IndCoh}(\mathrm{LS}_{G, P}(D^2, S^1))$, where $\mathrm{LS}_{G, P}(D^2, S^1)$ denotes the moduli stack of $G$-local systems on a disk together with a $P$-reduction on the boundary circle. More generally, for any pair of stacks $\mathcal{Y}\to \mathcal{Z}$ satisfying some mild conditions and any map between topological spaces $N\to M$, we define $(\mathcal{Y}, \mathcal{Z})^{N, M} = \mathcal{Y}^N \times_{\mathcal{Z}^N} \mathcal{Z}^M$ to be the space of maps from $M$ to $\mathcal{Z}$ along with a lift to $\mathcal{Y}$ of its restriction to $N$. Using the pair of pants construction, we define an $\mathrm{E}_n$-category $\mathrm{H}_n(\mathcal{Y}, \mathcal{Z}) = \mathrm{IndCoh}_0\left(\left((\mathcal{Y}, \mathcal{Z})^{S^{n-1}, D^n}\right)^\wedge_{\mathcal{Y}}\right)$ and compute its factorization homology on any $d$-dimensional manifold $M$ with $d\leq n$, \[ \int_M \mathrm{H}_n(\mathcal{Y}, \mathcal{Z}) \simeq \mathrm{IndCoh}_0\left(\left((\mathcal{Y}, \mathcal{Z})^{\partial (M\times D^{n-d}), M}\right)^\wedge_{\mathcal{Y}^M}\right), \] where $\mathrm{IndCoh}_0$ is the sheaf theory introduced by Arinkin--Gaitsgory and Beraldo. Our result naturally extends previous known computations of Ben-Zvi--Francis--Nadler and Beraldo.