Low overhead universality and quantum supremacy using only $Z$-control

TL;DR

This paper introduces a universal quantum computation model using only $Z$-control, demonstrating its potential for low-resource quantum supremacy with minimal control requirements.

Contribution

It proves the universality of the Varying-$Z$ model with only $Z$-control and constructs a circuit for quantum supremacy that requires no individual $X$-control.

Findings

V$Z$ model is universal even in 1D.

Achieves quantum supremacy in $O(n)$ depth.

Requires no individual $X$-control.

Abstract

We consider a model of quantum computation we call "Varying-$Z$" (V$Z$), defined by applying controllable $Z$-diagonal Hamiltonians in the presence of a uniform and constant external $X$-field, and prove that it is universal, even in 1D. Universality is demonstrated by construction of a universal gate set with $O(1)$ depth overhead. We then use this construction to describe a circuit whose output distribution cannot be classically simulated unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses, with the goal of providing a low-resource method of demonstrating quantum supremacy. The V$Z$ model can achieve quantum supremacy in $O(n)$ depth, equivalent to the random circuit sampling models despite a higher degree of homogeneity: it requires no individually addressed $X$-control.