Benchmarking calculations with spectroscopic accuracy of level energies and wavelengths in W LVII - W LXII tungsten ions

TL;DR

This paper provides highly accurate theoretical calculations of energy levels and wavelengths for tungsten ions W$^{56+}$ to W$^{61+}$, serving as a benchmark for spectroscopic studies and aiding line identification.

Contribution

It presents spectroscopic accuracy calculations using advanced methods, including electron correlation, Breit, QED effects, and compares two state-of-the-art approaches for tungsten ions.

Findings

Energy levels agree within 0.01% between methods

Results serve as benchmarks for tungsten ion spectroscopy

Assists in line assignment and spectral analysis

Abstract

Atomic properties of $n=3$ states of the W$^{56+}$ $-$ W$^{61+}$ ions are systematically investigated through two state-of-the-art methods, namely, the second-order many-body perturbation theory, and the multi-configuration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method combined with the relativistic configuration interaction approach. The contributions of valence-valence and core-valence electron correlations, the Breit interaction, the higher-order retardation correction beyond the Breit interaction through the transverse photon interaction, and the quantum electrodynamical corrections to the excitation energies are studied in detail. The excitation energies and wavelengths obtained with the two methods agree with each other within \approx 0.01 %. The present results achieve spectroscopic accuracy and provide a benchmark test for various applications and other theoretical calculations of W$^{56+}$ $-$ W$^{61+}$ ions. They will assist spectroscopists in their assignment and direct identification of observed lines in complex spectra.