Experimental Test on Edwards Volume Ensemble of Tapped Granular Packings
Ye Yuan, Yi Xing, Jie Zheng, Zhifeng Li, Houfei Yuan, Shuyang Zhang,, Zhikun Zeng, Chengjie Xia, Hua Tong, Walter Kob, Jie Zhang, Yujie Wang
TL;DR
This study experimentally tests Edwards' volume ensemble in tapped granular packings, revealing how friction affects the statistical mechanics and establishing a granular jamming phase diagram.
Contribution
It validates Edwards' volume ensemble experimentally and clarifies the role of friction in granular statistical mechanics.
Findings
Friction modifies the density of states in granular systems.
Established a granular jamming phase diagram.
Confirmed the granular version of thermodynamic zeroth law.
Abstract
Using X-ray tomography, we experimentally investigate granular packings subject to mechanical tapping for three types of beads with different friction coefficients. We validate Edwards volume ensemble in these three-dimensional granular systems and establish a granular version of thermodynamic zeroth law. Within Edwards framework, we also explicitly clarify how friction influences granular statistical mechanics as modifying the density of states, which allows us to determine the entropy as a function of packing fraction and friction subsequently. Additionally, we obtain a granular jamming phase diagram based on geometric coordination number and packing fraction.
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